DNA to rna to protien
RNA is another type of nucleic acid with a similar structure as DNA. RNA stands for ribonucleic acid, whose sugar is ribose instead of deoxyribose. RNA also consists of uracil instead of thymine but uracil is very similar to thymine and it pairs with adenine. Also unlike DNA, RNA is formed as a single strand. The transformation from DNA to RNA is called transcription. There are 3 types of ribonucleic acids involved in making proteins: messenger RNA, transfer RNA and ribosomal RNA. mRNA is first, the only difference between it and RNA is that it has introns and exons. Introns are non coding regions and exons are the coding regions of the RNA transcript. In order for the RNA to leave the nucleus the introns must be removed and exons are joined together. After this has happened tRNA translates codons to the amino acids. The transformation then from RNA to protein is called translation. This converts nucleic acids to amino acids(refer to "Breaking the Codes"). The information gained from translation is based on codons, which is a three-base word that codes from Nucleic acids to amino acids. The codons form a chain that is a polypeptide.
The RNA's final destination is the ribosome, where protein synthesis will be complete. The ribosome is made of two parts proteins and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). It has a biding site for mRNA and it has two binding sites for tRNA. Site "P" holds a tRNA which is carrying the polypeptide chain. Site "A" is holding the other tRNA that is carrying the amino acid.
mRNA, the first tRNA with the attached amino acid and the two sub-units of the ribosome are brought together. As mentioned before the start codon AUG shows the start of translation. After this the amino acids are added until any one of the stop codons appear (UAA, UAG, or UGA), or is an amino acid is not able to arrive a t the "A" site.
The RNA's final destination is the ribosome, where protein synthesis will be complete. The ribosome is made of two parts proteins and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). It has a biding site for mRNA and it has two binding sites for tRNA. Site "P" holds a tRNA which is carrying the polypeptide chain. Site "A" is holding the other tRNA that is carrying the amino acid.
mRNA, the first tRNA with the attached amino acid and the two sub-units of the ribosome are brought together. As mentioned before the start codon AUG shows the start of translation. After this the amino acids are added until any one of the stop codons appear (UAA, UAG, or UGA), or is an amino acid is not able to arrive a t the "A" site.